Public Health of Indonesia

Knowledge and Behavior of Household Medicine Storage: A Study from the Urban area of Jakarta, Indonesia

2024-02-02T10:33:54+00:00

Background: Medicine storage in households is significantly increasing due to the prevalence of self-medication behavior. Several people are still unfamiliar with proper medication storage procedures, which can affect the stability and effectiveness of the medicine.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the knowledge and behavior of urban households regarding medicine storage in Jakarta.

Methods: An analytical approach was used with the cross-sectional method and the data were collected through face-to-face interviews and observation. A total of 329 respondents and 1686 medicines were obtained through the purposive sampling method and the data collected were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with SPSS 26.

Results: The results showed that the majority of people have low knowledge (56.53%) and inappropriate behavior (57.45%), while most of the respondents got their medicines from a pharmacy or drugstore. The most commonly stored therapeutic classes were cough and cold medicines, including analgesic-antipyretics. A significant relationship was observed between age group and level of knowledge, as well as education, knowledge, and behavior related to the storage of medicine in households (p-value <0,05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, the urban community in Jakarta has poor knowledge and inappropriate behavior regarding medicines storage in households, indicating the need for continuous education to promote proper practice.

Keywords: Medicine storage; knowledge; behavior; households

The Effect of Health Information Technology Assets on the Sustainability of Health Management Information Systems Usage Moderated by Strategy in Kendari City

2024-02-20T04:28:02+00:00

Background:Health policies in Indonesia facilitate public access to healthcare information in efforts to improve public health. These policies rely on the support of electronic healthcare information systems to provide health data and information. However, the usage of these systems faces various challenges that affect their sustainability.

Objective:To determine the effect of healthcare information technology assets on the sustainability of healthcare management information systems and the role of healthcare information technology strategies as a moderating variable.

Methods:This is a quantitative and explanatory research study. The sample consisted of 350 respondents, with a significance level of 0.05. Latent variables included the sustainability of healthcare management information system usage, healthcare information technology assets, and information system strategies, which also served as an intervening variable.

Results:The direct effect test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Thus, healthcare information technology assets and healthcare information technology strategies have a positive and significant effect on the sustainability of healthcare management information system usage. The indirect effect test yielded a p-value of 0.003 (<0.05), also leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. These results indicate that the healthcare information technology strategies variable moderates the effect of healthcare information technology assets on the sustainability of healthcare management information system usage.

Conclusion:Healthcare information technology strategies strengthen the effect of healthcare information technology assets on the sustainability of healthcare management information system usage.

Keywords:Health Policy; Health Information Systems; Information Technology; Indonesia

Determinants of Electronic Smoking Behavior among Adolescents in Indonesia (Analysis of Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2019)

2024-03-05T03:17:00+00:00

Background:E-cigarettes are a concerning issue since e-smoking has affected young people. This phenomenon will be influenced by how common e-cigarette use is among youth. Nevertheless, health experts have found that e-cigarettes have negative effects on health.

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine factors connected with electronic smoking habits among adolescents in Indonesia.

Methods:The 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey was used in this cross-sectional study employing a multistage cluster random sampling approach. A total of 7,758 samples were taken after selection based on inclusion criteria.

Results:According to this study, 21% of adolescents had tried e-cigarettes. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that sex (POR: 5.834, 95% CI: 4.749—7.167), allowance (POR: 2.432, 95% CI: 1.874—3.157), obtaining e-cigarette information from friends, shopkeepers, and promotion events (POR: 2.422, 95% CI: 1.959—2.994), and knowledge and attitude (POR: 2.030, 95% CI: 1.683—2.449) were the most influential factors on electronic smoking habits among adolescents in Indonesia.

Conclusion:The results indicated that sex, allowance, access to information on e-cigarettes, and the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents strongly influence the likelihood of trying e-cigarettes. Strict policies regarding the use of e-cigarettes among adolescents need to be enforced, especially in regulating advertising and pricing to make them less affordable for adolescents.

Keywords:determinants, e-cigarette, smoking, behaviour, adolescent

Survival analysis of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular patients with COVID-19: a secondary data analysis

2024-03-01T05:39:29+00:00

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disorders who suffer from COVID-19 may have an increased risk of death.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the time of death and influencing factors in patients with DM and cardiovascular disorders with COVID-19.

Methods: We used a retrospective observational cohort study using medical records of COVID-19 patients treated at Dr Soeradji and Penembahan Senopati hospitals from March 2020 to June 2022. There were 2,959 participants: patients without comorbidities, with DM, and with cardiovascular problems. We extracted sociodemographic and clinical data on patient characteristics using medical records. Data analysis used Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis to estimate survival probability and investigate predictors of death with a 5% significance level.

Results: The median survival time was highest in the group without comorbidities (70.00) and lowest in the DM+others group (21.75). Years of treatment, age, presence of comorbidities, and type of hospital were related to the survival rate of COVID-19 patients (p<0.05). Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular system disorders are significantly associated with survival of COVID-19 patients (p<0.001). There were significant differences between patients without cardiovascular disorders and patients with cardiovascular disorders (Non-Hypertension, Hypertension, and Hypertension + Others) adjusted by year, gender, age, and hospital type (p<0.001). There were significant differences between patients without DM and patients with DM (DM only, DM+Hypertension, and DM+Others) adjusted by year, gender, age, and hospital type(p<0.001).

Conclusion: Years of treatment, age, gender, comorbid DM, and cardiovascular problems are associated with the survival rate of COVID-19 patients. Older age, DM patients who have comorbidities other than hypertension, and patients with cardiovascular issues other than hypertension show a greater risk of death than other groups.

Key words: COVID-19, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Cardiovascular Diseases, Survival Rate.

An exploratory factor analysis of health professional perceptions of integrating spirituality in daily patient care

2024-03-14T04:33:53+00:00

Introduction: Spirituality is very subjective, and it is commonly assumed as the modifiable factors that can affect the quality of life among elderly, where elderly is referred to the male or female with the age of above 60 years old. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the perception of nurses toward spirituality in nursing care practice among the patients. Methods: An exploratory sequential design using qualitative study [N=24] by collecting data via face-to-face interview in Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. The spirituality tool was analysed using four categories: 1) Believe, 2) Faith, 3) Emotion and 4) Practice. Results: The reliability of the dimensions was all high as the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients were above 0.90. Therefore, this spirituality measurement tool can be considered highly reliable. It was found, there was significant relationship between age, ethnicity, religion, versus the four-spiritual dimension. However, the results showed that there is no relationship between gender and spirituality dimension. Conclusion: In conclusion spirituality play large role throughout the individual and variances of cultural and closely context toward nursing. The spiritual care encompasses beliefs that significantly give meaning to the life of an individual, and then able to motivate individuals where may enhance the faith, hope, peace, and empowerment to an individual health. It was used to construct a profile of elderly in Malaysia, and it may be applied to profile elderly in other countries.

Family Experiences in Caring for a Stroke Patient with Decubitus Ulcer at Home

2024-03-14T14:43:32+00:00

Background: The role of the family in caring for stroke patients with decubitus ulcers requires them to assist in meeting daily needs such as nutrition, elimination, personal hygiene, and mobilization. While caring for a stroke patient with decubitus ulcers, the family experiences significant burdens that also impact the family's physical, social, and psychological, activities, and financial conditions.

Objective: To gain a deep understanding of the family's experience in caring for a stroke patient with decubitus ulcers at home.

Methods: This research uses a qualitative design with a phenomenological study approach. The selection of participants using a purposive sampling technique. The number of participants in this study was 8 people with family criteria who had a family member of stroke with decubitus ulcer and were treated at home. The data in this study were collected through semi-structured interviews, audio recorders, and field note. The data analysis test used is the Collaizi method.

Results: The research analysis found three themes, namely Theme 1: Physical, psychological, social, and financial barriers experienced by caregivers while caring for stroke patients with decubitus ulcers. Theme 2: The role of family caregivers in helping basic needs: eating and drinking, personal hygiene, elimination, mobilization. Theme 3: The type of treatment chosen by the caregiver based on the family's financial condition.

Conclusion: Family experience in caring for stroke patients who experience decubitus ulcers has a role in helping to meet the basic needs of patients, some obstacles are also experienced by families such as physical, psychological, and financial. This obstacle also affects families in choosing the type of treatment given to patients.

Inadequate Dietary Diversity among Female Students in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia: Influences of Parental Education and Food Budget

2024-03-17T06:43:02+00:00

Introduction:Young people in Indonesia persistently grapple with nutritional challenges. Regrettably, there has been insufficient research addressing their distinct nutritional requirements.

Objective:This study aims to describe the dietary diversity of female students in Southeast Sulawesi and investigate the associated factors.

Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among female students in the Public Health Faculty of Halu Oleo University. Using random sampling, 280 participants were selected from five different departments within the faculty. Minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) was assessed using a single 24-hour recall. A cut-off value of 5 was used to determine whether the recommendation was met. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the association between independent variables and MDD-W.

Results:The mean (±SD) dietary diversity score of the participants was 3.6±1.1, with only 33.3% meeting the minimum recommendation for dietary diversity. In the multivariate analysis, higher maternal education (AOR: 4.4; 95% CI: 2.0, 9.6), higher paternal education (AOR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 8.2), and monthly food budget (AOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.0, 3.7) were significantly associated with achieving adequate dietary diversity.

Comparison of the Concentration of Local Microorganisms (MOL) in Stale Rice During the Composting Process

2024-03-17T07:39:08+00:00

Background: The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms, specifically decomposing bacteria, and organic material, such as organic waste, leads to the decomposition of the substance and its transformation into compost.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of local microorganisms (MOL) tape in accelerating the decomposition process of organic waste compost.

Methods: This research used an experimental study strategy known as "control with posttest". This investigation was conducted utilising two distinct groups: the control group and the treatment group. Regarding the intervention group utilising indigenous microorganisms (MOL) stale rice, the research utilised two data analyses: univariate analysis, which involved presenting data in the form of frequency distribution tables, and bivariate analysis, which included conducting a one-way Anova test followed by an LSD test.

Results: The findings indicated that the optimal dosage of a local microorganism (MOL) activator for compost formation was 25 ml, resulting in a duration of 11.6 days. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the duration of compost formation between the dosage levels of 10 ml, 15 ml, 20 ml, and 25 ml of the local microorganism (MOL) activator.

Conclusions: This research aims to explore the potential of MOL activators in accelerating the composting process of organic waste. By utilising MOL activators, it is anticipated that the problem of slow composting can be effectively addressed, offering a viable solution for the community. Moreover, the ease and affordability of producing MOL activators further enhance their practicality.

A Qualitative Evaluation of Smoke-Free Policy Implementation among the Hospitality Industry in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2024-03-21T03:48:03+00:00

Background: The Indonesian government has implemented various regulations, including smoke-free policies (SFPs) aimed at reducing exposure to second-hand smoke and improving public health. However, the implementation of these policies has encountered challenges.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the implementation of SFP in the hospitality industry in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Methods: Three focus group discussions with the managers of hotels, restaurants, and coffee shops (n=19) were conducted in November 2021. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results: Three themes were identified: 1) Efforts to implement SFPs at hospitality premises; 2) Reasons for adopting SFPs; and 3) Challenges for policy implementation. Many hospitalities industry have undertaken efforts to implement SFPs, though they are not comprehensive. The reasons for implementing SFPs include protecting second-hand smokers, meeting guest preferences, and creating a fresher environment. Resistance from customers has become a significant challenge, as some view SFPs as an infringement on personal freedom. Furthermore, unclear sanctions and enforcement from the government also highlighted by participant as the main barriers of SFPs implementation.

Conclusion: Overall, while there is significant effort to implement SFPs in hospitality venues, challenges such as customer resistance and unclear government guidance persist. This condition underscores the need for clearer policies and support mechanisms for successful implementation.

Analysis of differences in early detection of chronic kidney disease with urine creatinine, proteins and individual health status based on behavioural, stress and genetic factors in Kendari City, Indonesia

2024-03-24T14:12:59+00:00

Background:Early detection of chronic kidney disease needs to be developed because the prevalence of chronic kidney disease continues to increase in Kendari City, Indonesia.

Objective:The study aimed to analyse of differences in early detection of chronic kidney disease with urine proteins, creatinine, and individual health status based on behaviours, psychological-stress environment and genetic factors in Kendari City, Indonesia.

Methods:This research used quantitative method with a cross sectional study approach. This study was conducted in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, which recruited 136 subjects aged between 24-70 years. The participants were interviewed and tested urine. The dependent variables are protein-urine, creatinine, and health status. The independent variables are behaviours, psychological environment-stress and genetics. Data analysis used multinomial logistic regression statistical tests.

Results: This study suggests that there are differences between tests for urine protein levels, creatinine and individual health status for early detection of chronic kidney disease which is associated with behaviours, psychological-stress environment and genetic factors in Kendari City. Protein-urine can be used early detection of chronic kidney disease which is related to daily water consumption (p=0.001, OR=1.56), calory intake (p=0.036, OR=2.13) and psychological stress environment (p=0.017, OR=0.11). However, urine creatine test cannot be use for early detection of chronic kidney disease. Meanwhile, individual’s health status can be used to early detection of chronic kidney disease with relating to daily water consumption behaviour of less than 1000 ml a day (p<0.0001, OR=1.56), physical activity (p<0.05, OR=5.7), medication adherence (P<0.01, OR=0.4), and psychological stress environment (p<0.0001, OR=8.6).

Conclusion: Early detection of chronic kidney disease may be more effective by observing health status directly, or by urine protein testing, compared to urine creatinine testing.

Keywords:Chronic kidney disease, behaviour, genetic, stress, proteins.

Prevention of Dengue Fever Based on Dominant Risk Factors within Elementary School Environment in Bandung City

2024-03-27T13:57:54+00:00

Background: Dengue fever is an environment-based disease that is endemic in Bandung City. Bandung City with an average temperature of 25.86°C has a humid and cool climate which is a favorable environment for Aedes aegypti. The average amount of rain per day is 21.3 days per month with an average rainfall of 200.4 mm. These environmental conditions favor the breeding of Aedes aegypti.

Objective: The study aimed to obtain the dominant variables in the 3M Plus PSN.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional.

Method: The population in this study were all elementary school students in Bandung City. Through the Cluster Sampling calculation, 973 minimum samples from 13 elementary schools were obtained. With a minimum sample for each elementary school totaling 76 6th-grade students.

Results: The results of the study showed that a Knowledge P-value of 0.023, Attitude P-value 0.036, Perception P-value of 0.000, and motivation P-value of 0.018 were associated with DHF Prevention through 3M Plus PSN. Exposure to information media on dengue prevention through the 3M Plus PSN is not associated with dengue prevention through the 3M Plus PSN. The variable that most influenced the prevention of Dengue Fever through the 3M Plus PSN was perception with a P-value of 0.000 CI of 2.118 (1.639-2.737).

Conclusion: Knowledge, perception, attitude, and motivation are related to dengue fever prevention through 3M Plus PSN. Perception is the most dominant factor associated with the prevention of dengue fever through the 3M Plus PSN.

Risk Factors for Pneumonia in Children: A Rapid Survey

2024-03-19T03:07:23+00:00

Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of infection-related death in children globally. East Java, Indonesia, is one of the provinces with the discovery achievement of pediatric pneumonia cases under 70%. Nganjuk Regency, located in East Java, has low discovery achievement of pediatric pneumonia cases (34.64%). Nganjuk Regency also requires an up-to-date study to determine the current state of pneumonia risk factors.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the occurrence of pneumonia in toddlers and its risk factors in Nganjuk Regency East Java, Indonesia.

Methods: The design of this study was a cross-sectional using a rapid survey. The participants of this study were 210 housewives or other adult household members having children under five in Nganjuk Regency. The study procedure began by collecting data from seven districts wherein each district comprised 30 houses that were chosen purposely. Data analysis was carried out using bivariate and multivariate analysis. The data were analyzed using the statistical software STATA.

Results: This study revealed that 18 (7.96%) toddlers had developed pneumonia. The main risk factors for pneumonia among toddlers in Nganjuk Regency were the nutritional status of toddlers (OR=6.787; 95%CI=1.417-32.525; p=0.017), house cleaning (OR=3.381; 95%CI=1.160-9.851; p=0.026), and room occupancy density (OR=4.191; 95%CI=1.371-12.809; p=0.012).

Conclusion: The incidence of toddler pneumonia can be reduced by educating mothers about pneumonia and its risk factors, monitoring toddler growth and nutritional status, and conducting routine surveillance of toddler pneumonia alongside sanitation inspections.

Keywords:Children; Pneumonia; Risk Factors; Survey

Evaluation of Complementary Cupping Therapy in the Management of Hypertension and Triglyceride Levels in Coastal Fishermen Communities

2024-04-22T03:52:29+00:00

Background: Fishermen are community groups requiring special attention. The characteristics of a stressful job, unhealthy diet, and environmental and weather conditions are risk factors for hypertension and increased triglycerides. Wet cupping therapy is expected to improve imbalance in triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and pulse rate in fishermen living in coastal areas.

Methods: Sixty people from fishing communities participated in this study through random sampling by creating a serial number list. The hypertensive group (n= 30) received cupping therapy combined with Al-Quran therapy, whereas the normotensive group (n= 30) only received cupping therapy. Blood pressure, pulse, and triglyceride levels were measured in both groups before and one week after cupping therapy.

Results: In the hypertension group who were administered cupping therapy combined with Al-Quran therapy, there were changes in blood pressure, mean systolic blood pressure value (from 155.4 ± 21.8 to 141.3 ± 19.9), diastolic blood pressure (from 92.9 ± 10.6 to 85.3 ± 11.3), and triglyceride levels (from 259.4 ± 154.6 to 173 ± 74.5), which showed a statistically significant decrease in P value <0.05, while the normotensive group was statistically significant, but there was an increase within normal limits in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, as well as a decrease in triglyceride levels.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that wet cupping combined with Al-Quran therapy is a promising complementary therapy for controlling blood pressure and triglyceride levels in hypertensive patients. Therefore, it could be an alternative therapy for fishing communities in coastal areas.

The Role of The Chronic Disease Management Program in Indonesia (PROLANIS) As A Diabetes Mellitus Management Strategy: A Scoping Review

2023-10-16T09:30:04+00:00

Background:Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease with an increasing number of sufferers every year, and its negative impacts require special attention. The Indonesian government has taken steps to manage DM by establishing the PROLANIS program.

Objective:This study aims to identify the roles of PROLANIS in treating DM in Indonesia.

Methods:This study used a scoping review design. We performed extensive searches in CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Based on the search results, we found a total of 280 articles. After a selection process, 27 articles met the criteria for review. The papers were grouped by year, study design, setting, and the role of PROLANIS.

Results:According to research results, PROLANIS effectively maintains and reduces several essential aspects of DM patients' health, such as body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c levels. PROLANIS also plays a positive role in improving the lipid profiles of DM patients. Furthermore, PROLANIS contributes to increasing self-efficacy, self-acceptance, self-management, adherence to therapy, and overall quality of life.

Conclusion:PROLANIS positively affects the management of DM by improving physical health and enhancing the quality of life for patients.

Keywords:chronic disease; Diabetes Mellitus; non-communicable diseases; PROLANIS